SEWAGE SPILLS ARE WORSE THAN WE THOUGHT!!

The previous issue of The Sludge Report told you about the “800 Pound Gorilla in the Room”, sewage spills happening all over our state because of aging sewer pipes and inadequate treatment plants overflowing after rain events. We said the septic system issue was insignificant compared to the millions of gallons of untreated and partially treated sewage constantly being released into our waterways. Now this!! Septic Systems DO NOT DO THIS!!! Even a mere 12” of soil beneath a septic drainfield is enough to kill bacteria.

Dangerous bacteria found after sewer spills ¹

Bacteria equipped with genes that can transfer antibiotic resistance adds to a sewage spill’s public health threat

Date: July 20, 2016
Source: University of South Florida (USF Innovation)

Summary:
After a sewer line break, a strain of bacteria found in wastewater tested resistant to vancomycin, an antibiotic considered to be a ‘last resort’ treatment for serious infections that do not respond to other antibiotics. Researchers found that the vancomycin-resistant bacteria contains a gene capable of transferring vancomycin resistance to other strains of bacteria. Aging sewer infrastructure and increases in stormwater flooding with extreme rain events increases the likelihood of such spills.

University of South Florida researchers investigating the aftermath of a September, 2014 sewer line break in St. Petersburg, Florida, have found dangerous antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the untreated wastewater that gushed into neighborhoods and into Boca Ciega Bay at a rate of 250 to 500 gallons per minute.

Their findings, just published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology raise several significant public health concerns.

First, a strain of bacteria found in the water tested resistant to vancomycin, an antibiotic considered to be a “last resort” treatment for serious infections that do not respond to other antibiotics. Second, the combination of aging sewer infrastructure and an increase in stormwater flooding with extreme rain events increases the likelihood of more spills occurring and continuing to spread these dangerous, drug-resistant bacteria in populated areas. Finally, the researchers found that the vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) bacteria found in the untreated wastewater contains a gene capable of transferring vancomycin resistance to other strains of bacteria. This fuels the greater problem of increasing antibiotic resistance among other kinds of bacteria.

The researchers sampled the water and soil for seven weeks following the spill from the broken sewer line that totaled about 500,000 gallons of released untreated sewage. Genes from the vancomycin-resistant bacteria were detected for nearly two weeks following the spill.

“While we have known that raw sewage contains many disease-causing bacteria, this experience tells us that sewage and fecal pollution also carry vancomycin-resistant bacteria,” said Dr. Valerie Harwood, a professor in the USF Department of Integrative Biology and study co-author. “Most VRE are confined to hospitals, but detecting them in waters of the Tampa Bay community is quite concerning. People need to be aware of what may be entering the water after heavy rains, accidental spills, or after intentional sewage releases.”

According to study lead author, USF PhD student Suzanne Young, their finding is also a public health “wake-up call” to be more prudent with the use of antibiotics in both humans and animals.

“The more antibiotics we use — in both humans and animals — the more the antibiotic resistant organisms and antibiotic resistance genes can enter the environment and contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance, especially for those drugs considered the “last resort’ for many infections,” explained Young. “Also, we need to invest in more sustainable infrastructure for managing storm water and wastewater to decrease the frequency of sewage spills.”

The researchers also called for more monitoring of VRE and the presence of resistance genes outside of the hospital setting where they are more commonly found.

According to the authors, the bacteria they discovered in the sewage spill waters — VRE — are on the U.S. Center for Disease Control’s list of serious threats.